The median income of Union County residents was an inflation-adjusted $35,218 per year. Union County had 6,285 households in 2017, with a population of 14,929.
The county with the highest median resident income in the state was Lincoln County. Lincoln County's median income was $37,691 per year after adjusting for inflation – $2,473 more than Union County. It had 18,736 households in 2017 and a population of 53,147.
Oglala Lakota County had the lowest annual resident income among counties in South Dakota, with a median income of only $12,372 per year. That was $22,846 less than the median income in Union County at the time. Oglala Lakota County had 2,920 households in 2017 and a population of 14,291.
The table below shows the state's counties ranked by median annual resident earnings in 2017.
| Rank | County | Earnings per resident ($$$) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lincoln County | 37,691 |
| 2 | Hughes County | 35,861 |
| 3 | Sully County | 35,793 |
| 4 | Union County | 35,218 |
| 5 | Stanley County | 32,027 |
| 6 | Edmunds County | 31,795 |
| 7 | Deuel County | 31,421 |
| 8 | Hand County | 31,333 |
| 9 | Aurora County | 31,331 |
| 10 | Minnehaha County | 31,168 |
| 11 | Brown County | 31,008 |
| 12 | Custer County | 31,001 |
| 13 | Hamlin County | 30,934 |
| 14 | Campbell County | 30,809 |
| 15 | Kingsbury County | 30,628 |
| 16 | McCook County | 30,548 |
| 17 | Turner County | 30,472 |
| 18 | Moody County | 30,430 |
| 19 | Marshall County | 30,314 |
| 20 | Harding County | 30,114 |
| 21 | Spink County | 30,026 |
| 22 | Hanson County | 29,844 |
| 23 | Codington County | 29,125 |
| 24 | Grant County | 28,930 |
| 25 | Beadle County | 28,694 |
| 26 | Jerauld County | 28,222 |
| 27 | Sanborn County | 28,204 |
| 28 | Davison County | 28,144 |
| 29 | Potter County | 28,125 |
| 30 | Walworth County | 27,855 |
| 31 | Meade County | 27,779 |
| 32 | Hyde County | 27,734 |
| 33 | Perkins County | 27,653 |
| 34 | Lake County | 27,433 |
| 35 | Pennington County | 27,368 |
| 36 | Fall River County | 27,107 |
| 37 | Miner County | 27,007 |
| 38 | Brule County | 26,875 |
| 39 | Yankton County | 26,604 |
| 40 | Hutchinson County | 26,476 |
| 41 | Tripp County | 26,450 |
| 42 | Faulk County | 26,083 |
| 43 | Lawrence County | 25,743 |
| 44 | Douglas County | 25,546 |
| 45 | Clark County | 25,447 |
| 46 | Day County | 25,323 |
| 47 | Roberts County | 24,888 |
| 48 | Gregory County | 24,361 |
| 49 | Jones County | 23,869 |
| 50 | Butte County | 23,715 |
| 51 | Dewey County | 23,533 |
| 52 | Bon Homme County | 23,448 |
| 53 | Lyman County | 23,064 |
| 54 | Brookings County | 22,822 |
| 55 | Charles Mix County | 22,769 |
| 56 | Haakon County | 22,483 |
| 57 | Bennett County | 21,887 |
| 58 | McPherson County | 20,515 |
| 59 | Jackson County | 20,199 |
| 60 | Ziebach County | 17,382 |
| 61 | Mellette County | 17,179 |
| 62 | Corson County | 16,939 |
| 63 | Todd County | 16,849 |
| 64 | Clay County | 15,761 |
| 65 | Buffalo County | 15,673 |
| 66 | Oglala Lakota County | 12,372 |
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